Selected Bibliography

This selection brings together works acknowledged in the Author’s Note, principal records and studies behind the book’s comparisons, research behind the discussion of computation, and sources for alternative terms in Appendix A. It includes evidence of protection and repair as well as failure. The chapter notes provide the fuller references and qualifications for particular claims. Inclusion does not imply agreement with every conclusion, and related publications may draw on the same research rather than supply independent confirmation.

Ideas and intellectual antecedents

Abizadeh, Arash. “Democratic Legitimacy and State Coercion: A Reply to David Miller.” Political Theory 38, no. 1 (2010): 121–130.

Daniels, Norman. “Accountability for Reasonableness.” BMJ 321 (2000): 1300–1301. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.321.7272.1300.

Estlund, David. “Why Not Epistocracy?” In Desire, Identity, and Existence: Essays in Honor of T. M. Penner, edited by Naomi Reshotko, 53–69. Academic Printing and Publishing, 2003.

Hirschman, Albert O. Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States. Harvard University Press, 1970.

Jervis, Robert. “Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma.” World Politics 30, no. 2 (1978): 167–214. DOI: 10.2307/2009958.

Miller, David. “Controlling Immigration in the Name of Self-Determination.” In Sovereignty as Value, edited by André Santos Campos and Susana Cadilha, chapter 10. Rowman and Littlefield, 2021. Referenced version: accepted manuscript.

Ostrom, Elinor. “Beyond Markets and States: Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems.” Nobel Prize lecture, December 8, 2009.

Sen, Amartya. Development as Freedom. Alfred A. Knopf, 1999.

Institutional records and empirical studies

Blattman, Christopher, and Jeannie Annan. “Can Employment Reduce Lawlessness and Rebellion? A Field Experiment with High-Risk Men in a Fragile State.” American Political Science Review 110, no. 1 (2016): 1–17. DOI: 10.1017/S0003055415000520.

Boudreau, Laura. “Multinational Enforcement of Labor Law: Experimental Evidence on Strengthening Occupational Safety and Health Committees.” Econometrica 92, no. 4 (2024): 1269–1308. DOI: 10.3982/ECTA19408.

Carlson, Barbara Lepidus, Leslie Foster, Stacy B. Dale, and Randall Brown. “Effects of Cash and Counseling on Personal Care and Well-Being.” Health Services Research 42, no. 1, part 2 (2007): 467–487. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00673.x.

Christensen, Darin, Alexandra C. Hartman, and Cyrus Samii. “Citizen Monitoring Promotes Informed and Inclusive Forest Governance in Liberia.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 29 (2021): e2015169118. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015169118.

Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. “The Remediation Project’s Frozen Block Method.” Modified August 14, 2024.

Duflo, Esther, Michael Greenstone, Rohini Pande, and Nicholas Ryan. “Truth-Telling by Third-Party Auditors and the Response of Polluting Firms: Experimental Evidence from India.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 128, no. 4 (2013): 1499–1545. DOI: 10.1093/qje/qjt024.

Levine, David I., Michael W. Toffel, and Matthew S. Johnson. “Randomized Government Safety Inspections Reduce Worker Injuries with No Detectable Job Loss.” Science 336 (2012): 907–911. DOI: 10.1126/science.1215191.

National Audit Office. Government’s Compensation and Financial Recognition Schemes. April 2026.

National Audit Office. Handling of the Windrush Situation. December 5, 2018.

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Social Value Judgements: Principles for the Development of NICE Guidance. 2nd ed. July 2008.

Obermeyer, Ziad, Brian Powers, Christine Vogeli, and Sendhil Mullainathan. “Dissecting Racial Bias in an Algorithm Used to Manage the Health of Populations.” Science 366 (2019): 447–453. DOI: 10.1126/science.aax2342.

Office for National Statistics. “Exploring Diverging Trends between the Crime Survey for England and Wales and Police Recorded Crime.” Last revised July 24, 2024.

Parlament der Deutschsprachigen Gemeinschaft Belgiens. Bürgerdialog in Ostbelgien: Bericht zur Umsetzung der Bürgerempfehlungen in der Legislaturperiode 2019–2024. Report on implementation of citizens’ recommendations during the 2019–24 legislative term. Undated.

Slough, Tara, et al. “Adoption of Community Monitoring Improves Common Pool Resource Management across Contexts.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 29 (2021): e2015367118. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015367118.

Terry, Fiona, and Brian McQuinn. The Roots of Restraint in War. International Committee of the Red Cross, 2018.

United Kingdom Supreme Court. R (Miller) v The Prime Minister; Cherry and Others v Advocate General for Scotland. [2019] UKSC 41. September 24, 2019.

United Kingdom Supreme Court. R (UNISON) v Lord Chancellor. [2017] UKSC 51. July 26, 2017.

United Nations. “Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context.” Espoo, February 25, 1991. Original text reproduced in United Nations Juridical Yearbook 1991, 217–221.

United Nations. Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework. 2011.

World Meteorological Organization. Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2022. Executive summary. Global Atmosphere Watch Report no. 278. 2022.

Computational methods and their limits

Díaz-Struck, Emilia, et al. “Pandora Papers: An Offshore Data Tsunami.” International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, October 3, 2021.

Gao, Luyu, et al. “RARR: Researching and Revising What Language Models Say, Using Language Models.” In Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), 16477–16508. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023. DOI: 10.18653/v1/2023.acl-long.910.

Niu, Cheng, et al. “RAGTruth: A Hallucination Corpus for Developing Trustworthy Retrieval-Augmented Language Models.” In Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), 10862–10878. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. DOI: 10.18653/v1/2024.acl-long.585.

Wu, Sen, et al. “Fonduer: Knowledge Base Construction from Richly Formatted Data.” In Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Management of Data, 1301–1316. ACM, 2018. DOI: 10.1145/3183713.3183729.

Sources for alternative terms in Appendix A

El-Mhamdi, El-Mahdi, and Lê-Nguyên Hoang. “On Goodhart’s Law, with an Application to Value Alignment.” 2024. arXiv:2410.09638.

Federal Trade Commission. Bringing Dark Patterns to Light. Staff report, September 2022.

OECD. “Fixing Frictions: ‘Sludge Audits’ around the World: How Governments Are Using Behavioural Science to Reduce Psychological Burdens in Public Services.” OECD Public Governance Policy Papers, no. 48. OECD Publishing, 2024. DOI: 10.1787/5e9bb35c-en.